![]() ![]() OVs, which are advancing into clinical trials, are being envisioned as the frontier clinical anti-tumor agents coming soon.Ĭancer is still a serious threat to human health and a major cause of death worldwide, even among adolescents and young adults. Moreover, the attractive preclinical OVT addressed recently, and the OVT in clinical trials were systematically reviewed. ![]() Amazing combination of therapeutic strategies of OVs and immune cells confers immense potential for managing cancers. Particularly, to arouse T cells by designing OVs expressing bi-specific T cell activator (BiTA) is a promising strategy of killing two birds with one stone. We propose that oncolytic virotherapy has evolved into the fourth generation as tumor immunotherapy. Here we provided a critical review of the development history and status of OVT, emphasizing the mechanisms of enhancing both safety and efficacy. However, the therapeutic safety and efficacy must be further optimized and balanced to ensure the superior safe and efficient OVT in clinics, and reasonable combination therapy strategies are also important challenges worthy to be explored. With the understanding particularly in the characteristics of viruses and tumor cells, numerous innovative OVs have been engineered to conquer cancers, such as Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) and tasadenoturev (DNX-2401). Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising anti-tumor modality that utilizes oncolytic viruses (OVs) to preferentially attack cancers rather than normal tissues.
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